Oedipus The King As A Tragic Hero Essay - 1491 Words

Considered one of the greatest dramas of all time, Sophocles’ play Oedipus the King follows the tragic life of Oedipus, king of Thebes. Considered a Satyr play, the Oedipus trilogy is perhaps the most famous of Sophocles’ plays. Oedipus the King, is an Athenian tragedy that was first performed somewhere around 429 BC in Athens, Greece. Originally, the Greeks referred to the play as simply â€Å"Oedipus,† as that was what Aristotle referred to it as in the Poetics. Perhaps what makes this play so memorable, is Sophocles’ uses of the tragic hero as the main theme. Sophocles uses characterization and conflict to portray Oedipus as an Aristotelian tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as, â€Å"a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is†¦show more content†¦However, in his attempts to escape the prophecy, Oedipus ran straight to it. At the time, he was unaware that he had been adopted. Instead of escaping his fate, Oedipus met Laius on the road and murdered him and four of his escorts out of anger and self-defense. This was the first event, though not actually shown in the play, that set Oedipus’s destiny into motion. Several years later, after defeating the monstrous Sphinx, Oedipus is the new king, practically worshipped by the people of Thebes, and is married to Laius’s widow Jocasta. Oedipus is completely oblivious to the crimes he had committed at this point. Killing a king was considered a crime against the gods and required admittance of said crime and acceptance of punishment. The play opens in the middle of Thebes. Oedipus exits his castle, to be met by almost the entire kingdom. Oedipus knows immediately that something is wrong and it is this singular event that paves the way for the subsequent events that lead him to his downfall. Everyone-young and old, sick and healthy- had gathered in the middle of town seeking deliverance from an unknown evil. This evil is quickly determined to be a plague that had ravaged the land. The people of Thebes are highly religious as stated in â€Å"So, with the help of God,/ We shall be saved -Or else indeed we are lost â€Å"(148-149) The plague itself was interpreted as a punishment inflicted by the gods, to get the people of Thebes to drive out theShow MoreRelatedOedipus the King, a Tragic Hero Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus, a tragic hero Sophocless Oedipus Rex is probably the most famous tragedy ever written. Sophocless tragedy represents a monumental theatrical and interpretative challenge. Oedipus Rex is the story of a King of Thebes upon whom a hereditary curse is placed and who therefore has to suffer the tragic consequences of fate (tragic flaws or hamartia). In the play, Oedipus is the tragic hero. Even though fate victimizes Oedipus, he is a tragic figure since his own heroic qualities, his loyaltyRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King: A Tragic Hero698 Words   |  3 Pagesemotions. A tragic play that perfectly completes this cycle of emotions is Oedipus the King by Sophocles. This play follows a king of the town of Thebes through his journey of the emotions of pity, fear, and finally a catharsis. It is a tale of a man who unknowingly kills his father and fathers the children of his mother as well. The audience is pulled into the play and experiences the plot along with Oedipus. The emotion of pity enters the play right from the beginning. First, it is Oedipus who feelsRead MoreThe Tragic Hero of Oedipus the King Essay619 Words   |  3 Pagestragedy or comedy. In a tragic play, the tragic hero usually does some fearful deed which ultimately destroys him. The main character of a tragic play does a good deed which in turn makes him a hero. This hero reaches his prime, and in the end a fearful deed which he had committed earlier, ultimately destroys this man once called hero. Oedipus the king of Thebes is an example of this tragic hero. Oedipus who is the main character in Oedipus the King was the hero of Thebes. This king disenthralled usRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King: A Tragic Hero756 Words   |  4 Pages A tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, is a man who is great but also terribly flawed, who experiences misfortunes while still remaining admirable to the audience at the end of the play. One of Aristotle’s favorite works, Oedipus the King, a play by Sophocles, is a play that above all others, defines the meaning of what a true tragic hero really is. In the play, Oedipus the King, the story unfolds after Oedipus unintentionally kills his own father and goes on to marry his mother. The events ofRead More Oedipus the King: A Tragic Hero Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pages to experience devastating losses. While tragic instances can be avoided, there are other instances where one’s fate and future is out of the protagonist’s control. In Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles and first performed around 249 BC, Oedipus cannot escape his destiny and even though he tries to overcome and circumvent prophecy, he finds out that supernatural forces will get what they want in the end. Oedipus meets the criteria of a tragic hero set forth by Aristotle and his fate withinRead MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesanalysis of the â€Å"tragic hero† of Greek drama. In his work, Poetics, he defines a tragic hero as â€Å"...The man who on the one hand is not pre-eminent in virtue and justice, and yet on the other hand does not fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but falls because of some mistake; one among the number of the highly renowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonistRead MoreOedipus the King: A Tragic Hero Essay example694 Words   |  3 Pageslife and remember that life without pain. For Oedipus Rex, looking back is impossible to do without pain, a pain that stems from his prideful life. Oedipus is aware that he alone is responsible for his actions. He freely chooses to pursue and eventually accept his own lifes destruction. Although fate victimizes Oedipus, he is a tragic figure since his own heroic qualities, his loyalty to Thebes, and his undying quest for the truth ruin him. Oedipus’ pride, drawn from his own heroic qualitiesRead MoreEssay about Oedipus the King as a Tragic Hero957 Words   |  4 Pages Oedipus as a Tragic Hero According to Aristotles theory of tragedy and his definition of the central character, Oedipus the hero of Sophocles is considered a classical model of the tragic hero. The tragic hero of a tragedy is essential element to arouse pity and fear of the audience to achieve the emotional purgation or catharathis. Therefore, this character must have some features or characteristics this state of purgation. In fact, Oedipus as a character has all theRead MoreEssay about Oedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero1096 Words   |  5 Pagesinclude a central character known as the tragic hero. In the play, Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, the character Oedipus, portrays to the reader the necessary, central, tragic hero. According to Aristotle, a tragic hero has a supreme pride (Jones. Pg. 133). That pride is a reflection of arrogance and conceit that suggests superiority to man and equality with the gods. Students of religion are often taught that pride Goethe before the fall. In Oedipus situation, his pride, coupled with religiousRead MoreEssay on King Oedipus as The Classical Greek Tragic Hero1360 Words   |  6 PagesKing Oedipus as The Classical Greek Tragic Hero In his Poetics, Aristotle defined the term tragedy as a man not preeminently virtuous and just, whose misfortune, however, is brought upon him not by vice or depravity, but by some error in judgement the change in the heros fortune must not be from misery to happiness, but on the contrary, from happiness to misery. From this definition, he further expanded it by defining the profile of the Classical Greek tragic hero, basing it on what he

Navy seals Free Essays

After striving to indicate a person who has had a significant influence on me I have come to a conclusion, that rather than a individual person I have a particular group. This particular group is unlike any other in the I the world. This group consists of elite men who put their homeland before themselves, they are capable of putting the needs of others before their own. We will write a custom essay sample on Navy seals or any similar topic only for you Order Now These men were willing to do everything and anything to become part of the elite group known around the world as the Navvy Seals. Navvy seals are groups of elite soldiers, known around the world for their abilities in he air on the land and in the sea. These soldiers lead the world in their special oops. They are unlike another soldiers in the world, willing to risk their lives for anyone in need around the world. Ready to assist and cry for help. I see the Navvy Seals the way most people my age see pro sports players. Like pro sports players the SEALS are the best of the best. Their training and tactical work is so vigorous that their number one philosophy is â€Å"the easy day was yesterday†. Which is one of many in the Navvy. To be given the opportunity to serve my country a a Navvy Seal would mean the world to me. I would spend every breathing moment being the best I can be for my country family and myself. All my life I have wanted to be affiliated in the military. Four to five years ago I had very low self confidence in myself and others and not very great aspirations. My plan was to enroll in the marines after high school and attain my college education from the military. My primary aspiration for my life was to exceed the achievements of my mother, who didn’t graduate high school. I wanted to be able to say if I could do it why couldn’t you? My mind and heart were consumed by the dreadful thought of my rothers and how they would never have the opportunities that I have been blessed with. It wasn’t until I had opened up to my uncle Derek who is a marine that I had a change of heart about virtually everything past and present. My uncle was in absolute disagreement with my plan. He explained the importance of college to my and the pride that comes with the privilege of becoming a marine that will extinguish my desire to exceed the accomplishments of my moms. Together we looked through the different military academies and I found Annapolis the most interesting because their classes in economics. I have a strange liking towards economics, like the stock market and the economy. Those thing Just really seem to interest me to I hope to major in economics and international trade while attending Annapolis. My interest in international trade comes from my desire to travel, which is another one of the many reasons I aspire to be a Navvy Seal. Ever since I was little I’ve wanted to see the world, and what it has to offer. There is absolutely no better way at accomplishing that dream other than attending Annapolis become a Navvy Seal, and sounds to go to be true, but I know in my heart that in order to accomplish that goal I ave to be mentally and physically tough enough to get there. Speaking about becoming physically and mentally tough I have already begun those first small steps. It started off with small attitude adjustments such as my love for athletics, instead of dreading the next workout I changed the dreading into excitement that put me in the mindset to get better rather than Just get through the workout. Eventually I got to a point where my moms actions didn’t influence my mind as much. In fact I changed my entire perspective on my mom, although, she isn’t perfect she chose her path and being angry about that isn’t helping me or her in nyway. So instead of being angry I chose put all the extra time I spent being angry and wishing things could be different to actually make a difference in my life not Just for me but for her my brothers and anyone else that thinks they can’t do it. I feel like a much better person, free from the invisible chains that ranted excuse after excuse of why I couldn’t or didn’t get the Job done. I find happiness and hope to be the greatest things in life and I know whole heartedly that the SEALS brought those thing to me. Nothing makes me happier than getting a good grade on an ssignment and knowing I’ve gotten Just a tad bit closer to my dream. I can sometimes get lost in my thoughts of the the future, to the point where I feel as if I’m reading a good book with precise imagery. Imagining myself 10 years from now along side the best special pops team in the world, seeing the world and serving my country. Another exciting thing about the SEALS is their brotherhood. The fact that they would risk their lives for one another is breath taking. They would rather all sacrifice their lives saving one of their own than leaving them behind. Their goal number one oal in operations it to complete the given task unnoticed, quietly, quickly, and most importantly together. Like family these men will do anything for each other and will go to the ends of the earth to protect their own. The final thing I will mention is the SEALS ability to be wherever they are needed whenever they are needed. No matter the circumstance they are always willing to put their lives on the line for whomever is in need. Which is also like something I’ve always done. I may not meet the needs or standards of everyone but I will always go out of my way to help someone in need. Not only because I know it is the right thing to do but because I remember when I didn’t have much and someone would go out of their way to help me. I will never forget those people which makes it necessary for me to do the same for others. All that being said I don’t believe that I am perfect by a long shot, there are thousands, heck millions that have it ten times worse than me and have beat the odds. But one thing is for sure once given the chance I will do everything I’m my power to be the best I can be for myself and my country, How to cite Navy seals, Papers navy seals Free Essays

Western Civilization III Discussi Essays - Conn, Aggregat

Western Civilization III Discussion Section Fall 2013 016: 003: A11 and A12 University of Iowa Lecture: Penny Instructor: Conn Email: [emailprotected] [discussion] Email: [emailprotected] [lecture] Website: icon.uiowa.edu Office hours: TBD Office: 167 Schaeffer Hall Course Description: This course meets General Education Requirements for students without prior instruction in modern European history. It offers an overview of major trends in Europe since the mid-eighteenth century, focusing on social, political, cultural, and economic changes. Primarily we will discuss how a continent inhabited largely by peasants, artisans, and aristocrats became the democratic, post-industrial, technocratic world we know today. As we figure out how and why this happened, we will also examine how the history of modern Europe, and the "West" more broadly, is also a story of who gets to tell us about the past and how these voices have helped to carve out the present. Thus, our objective will be to understand history not only as a story of what happened but as an argument. This course is designed to help you think analytically about the past and present, to develop skills to identify and evaluate problems, and to move beyond simply repeating answers. In so doing, our discu ssions will foster your critical thinking with three important questions: how? why ? so what? Evaluation: Assignment Due Date Percentage of Final Grade First Essay 18/19? September 20% Midterm Exam 3 October 15 % Second Essay 6/7 November 20 % Discussion ongoing 20 % Final Exam Finals Week: TBD 25 % Course Policies: See Prof. Penny's syllabus. Required Reading: See Prof. Penny's Syllabus or his course ICON site. *There is also additional required reading on the main course ICON website. Reading Schedule: We will follow Prof. Penny's main course syllabus. Thus, we will discuss the 3 September lecture and reading assignments on 4 September ; the 5 September lecture and reading assignments on 9 September, etc. Any changes to this schedule will be posted to ICON. Reading Requirement: You are expected to have completed the assigned reading prior to attending discussion section. As by definition, a discussion section is primarily a conversation based on shared readings (and lecture), attendance without preparation is basically pointless. Your TA's take on course assignments (he grades all of your coursework). Exams : . In past semesters these have consisted of short answer questions (aka IDs) and longer essays that require students to synthesize material presented in class and draw on assigned readings in support of an argument. One week prior to each exam we will devote an entire class session to review. Regular participation in discussion section will facilitate success on exams. Essays: In order to help students develop their academic writing and critical thinking skills, they will submit two 4-5 page essays on topics to be assigned later this semester. All essays are expected to contain an introduction with a strong thesis statement (in the first paragraph), a clear and logical organizational structure with crisp topic sentences, paragraphs that sustain the essay's argument by properly citing sources, and a lucid conclusion. For matters of clarity and style consult Strunk and White's Elements of Style (free online): see link via ICON. Discussion: In addition to essay writing and test taking, you will also be asked to participate regularly in class discussion. Thus, attendance counts. Exam questions and paper topics are often derived directly from class discussion. Students are expected to arrive at class on time , and to be prepared to ask questions (not so much to me, but better yet, to your classmates) concerning the assigned readings. Students must complete all of the day's assigned readings prior to the beginning of class (and I suggest reading some of the documents more than once). Students who arrive late or have not completed the reading will be marked absent . Participation will be evaluated through various weekly assignments. You should expect to read 50-75 pages per week, and come to class prepared to discuss questions and interpretations. Keep in mind that some readings will be more difficult than others, some will be more interesting, and some will be more important. By definition, discussion sections are based on a conversation between students which is facilitated by the discussion leader (me). At

14 Narrative Essay Topics on Arranged Marriages in India

14 Narrative Essay Topics on Arranged Marriages in India If you are writing an essay on arranged marriages in India, you need to base your narrative in something related to your life and experiences. To do that, having some facts might make the work a bit easier. Remember too that these should only help to guide the direction of your narrative essay, but that the true substance of the work should revolve around your personal stories or experiences. Below are 14 great facts about the topic which can help you along the way: In India, 90% of all marriages are arranged, which is roughly 30% more than the statistical likelihood of arranged marriages around the world. If you are in an arranged marriage in India and get a divorce, many parents will disown their child. In India, arranged marriages are viewed not as something done based on feelings, but something done based on a commitment and through that commitment, feelings will develop with time. This form of thinking is one which is emotionally beneficial, and one which alters the psychology of the two people entering into the relationship. Instead of viewing the relationship as something to be sustained until smaller habits or nuances or challenges push the limits of what one person will accept and the relationship is broken, these arranged relationships enter into the relationship with a more accepting foundation, one which isn’t â€Å"I will stay until†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but rather â€Å"I will stay no matter†. Trust, compatibility, love, and adjustment are proven factors in sustainable and long term marriages. In fact, the manner in which the marriage was formed is not a significantly influencing factor in its success. In arranged marriages, for example, all of the new elements of the other person are discovered along the way, each day, something that adds charm and elongates the duration of mystery. In India it is believed that marriages are contractual, but that within them time is adequate in fostering newer feelings for the person, something that keeps the feelings between the man and woman sustained throughout their lifetime, in newer and evolving ways. In India, those in arranged marriages stayed in love for roughly thirty years after the marriage was formed, whereas those who entered into â€Å"love marriages†- those based on love and not on a family arrangement- only stayed in love for 5 years. In India women are raised learning to cook and sew so as to make them more successful wives. They are also encouraged to search for a groom who is blessed and approved by the parents as the best achievement in life, for not marrying in India is considered to not only be a burden on one’s family but an embarrassment. In India the potential husband and wife have the option of meeting one another before they marry to see if the relationship is sustainable. Once the two approve of the match, there is regularly a period of months or a year before the wedding takes place during which time the couple is engaged. This period of time functions as a dating period, the same way dating periods take place in the west. The wedding ceremony in India is typically one week long and is paid for by the father of the bride. The father of the bride is also responsible for providing a dowry, or cash or gifts that accompany the bride as she moves into her new home. This is meant to be her form of financial security. In India, daughters marry into a family. Marriage is not something that just takes place between the man and the woman, but rather, between the two families. And more specifically, it is something which takes place between the woman and the family of the man. The reason for this is that wives enter into the male’s family unit and live with them. Some households contain all of the wives and children for all of the sons. In India, the burden of arranging the marriage is often that of the parents. The father is responsible for selecting and arranging for a husband to marry his daughter, something which takes into account the religion of the man and the caste systems. In India, it is, at best, frowned upon to marry outside of the family’s caste so they must select an eligible man who is in the same caste as the family. When a father is selecting a potential match for his daughter, he will most likely use astrology to ensure that the horoscopes of the two people are a suitable match, and if they are not the marriage cannot happen. The father also has to investigate the man to ensure he will make a suitable match and make his daughter happy, and that his family is suitable as well. The divorce rate in India is only 2%, which is strikingly low especially when compared to the rest of the world where the rate is an average of 50%. These statistics show that while there may be debatable aspects around arranged marriages, they nonetheless remain successful significantly more often than in other countries. On the wedding day, there is typically a small religious ceremony first, and then social gatherings after with dancing, food, and music. Each day of the week long celebrations require different hairstyles for the bride, different make up, different outfits, and different jewelry. There is a henna ceremony as well. On the day of the wedding, the couple circles the holy fire seven different times, encompassing the ancient tradition of Saat Pheras. Once this is done, the couple is wedded for seven lifetimes. This, in Hinduism, is considered to be the act which sustains life and after it is complete will the man and woman be declared husband and wife. Each of the Pheras is said to bring about different blessings from the various gods and goddesses. There are blessings for togetherness, trust and love, faith, loyalty forever, financial stability, health, and progeny. These facts are extremely important if you write a narrative essay on arranged marriages in India. But if you want to make up a good topic for your paper as well, make use of our 20 sample topics related to marital relationships in India. However, if you just have troubles with organizing your narrative essay, then visit our guide that will help you produce an excellent paper. References: Bansal, P. (2015).  Arranged marriages losing respect in India? The Times of India.  The Times of India. Retrieved 7 December 2015, from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/Arranged-marriages-losing-respect-in-India/articleshow/49058130.cms Clark-DeceÌ€s, I.  The right spouse. Kannan, C. (1963).  Intercaste and inter-community marriages in India. Bombay: Allied Publishers. Mansukhani, A. (2007).  I Married a Total Stranger.  Marie Claire. Retrieved 7 December 2015, from marieclaire.com/sex-love/advice/a856/arranged-marriage-india/ Myers, J., Madathil, J., Tingle, L. (2005). Marriage Satisfaction and Wellness in India and the United States: A Preliminary Comparison of Arranged Marriages and Marriages of Choice.  Journal Of Counseling Development,  83(2), 183-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00595.x Pande, R. (2014). ‘I arranged my own marriage: arranged marriages and post-colonial feminism.Gender, Place Culture,  22(2), 172-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2013.855630 Reddy, V., Yogasri Srinivas, V. (1978).  Marriages in India. Gurgaon: Academic Press.

Mount Sandel - Mesolithic Settlement in Ireland

Mount Sandel - Mesolithic Settlement in Ireland Mount Sandel lies on a high bluff overlooking the River Bann and it is the remains of a small collection of huts provide evidence of the first people who lived in what is now Ireland. The County Derry site of Mount Sandel is named for its Iron Age fort site, believed by some to be Kill Santain or Kilsandel, famous in Irish history as the residence of the marauding Norman king John de Courcy in the 12th century AD. But the small archaeological site east of the remains of the fort is of far greater importance to the prehistory of western Europe. The Mesolithic site at Mount Sandel was excavated during the 1970s by Peter Woodman of University College Cork. Woodman found evidence of up to seven structures, at least four of which may represent rebuildings. Six of the structures are circular huts of six meters (about 19 feet) across, with a central interior hearth. The seventh structure is smaller, only three meters in diameter (about six feet), with an exterior hearth. The huts were made of bent sapling, inserted into the ground in a circle, and then covered over, probably with deer hide. Dates and Site Assemblage Radiocarbon dates at the site indicate that Mount Sandel is among the earliest human occupations in Ireland, first occupied around 7000 BC. Stone tools recovered from the site include a huge variety of microliths, which as you can tell from the word, are tiny stone flakes and tools. Tools found at the site include flint axes, needles, scalene triangle-shaped microliths, pick-like tools, backed blades, and a few hide scrapers. Although preservation at the site was not very good, one hearth included some bone fragments and hazelnuts. A series of marks on the ground are interpreted as a fish-drying rack, and other diet items may have been eel, mackerel, red deer, game birds, wild pig, shellfish, and an occasional seal. The site may have been occupied year-round, but if so, the settlement was tiny, including no more than fifteen people at a time, which is quite small for a group subsisting on hunting and gathering. By 6000 BC, Mount Sandel was abandoned to the later generations. Red Deer and the Mesolithic in Ireland Irish Mesolithic specialist Michael Kimball (University of Maine at Machias) writes: Recent research (1997) suggests that red deer may not have been present in Ireland until the Neolithic (earliest solid evidence dates to around 4000 bp). This is significant because it implies that the largest terrestrial mammal available for exploitation during Irelands Mesolithic may have been the wild pig. This is a very different resource pattern than that which characterizes most of Mesolithic Europe, including Irelands next door neighbor, Britain (which was chock full of deer, e.g., Star Carr, etc.). One other point unlike Britain and the Continent, Ireland has NO Paleolithic (at least none has yet been discovered). This means that the Early Mesolithic as seen via Mt. Sandel likely represents Irelands first human inhabitants. If the pre-Clovis folks are right, North America was discovered before Ireland! Sources Cunliffe, Barry. 1998. Prehistoric Europe: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Flanagan, Laurence. 1998. Ancient Ireland: Life before the Celts. St. Martins Press, New York.Woodman, Peter. 1986. Why not an Irish Upper Paleolithic? Studies in the Upper Paleolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 296:43-54.

Renal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renal system - Essay Example In intrinsic or renal type, structural and functional damage of nephrons occurs due to inflammatory, cytotoxic or inflammatory insults to the kidney. In postrenal kidney injury, there is obstruction to passage of urine. Acute renal failure can be oliguric or nonoliguric. In the former type, the daily urine volume is less than 400ml/day. The prognosis in this type is usually poor except in prerenal cases. Urine output of less than 100ml per day is anuria and occurs when there is bilateral obstruction or injury to both kidneys (Workeneh, and Batuman, 2011). 2. Tests useful in the management of acute renal failure are serum biochemistries, complete blood picture, urine analysis and urine electrolytes. Ultrasonography is useful is ascertaining the cause of renal failure, especially if the failure is due to obstruction. The hallmarks of acute renal failure are serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen , both of which are elevated. However, the levels of these substances and the rate of ris e depend on the degree of insult to kidneys. It is important to ascertain the ratio of BUN to creatinine. When the ratio is 20:1, is suggests enhanced absorption of urea, suggesting prerenal injury. BUN may be elevated in other conditions like gastrointestinal bleeding, steroid administration and loading of proteins. rise of serum creatinine by more than 1.5mg/dL/d warrants evaluation for rhabdomyolysis. Complete blood picture provides an overview of the anemia and leukocytosis. Peripheral smear shows schistocytes in conditions like hemolytic uremic syndrome. Increased formation of rouleax is suggestive of myeloma and the workup must be directed towards serum and urine immunophoresis. Other tests which help in detecting the etiology are presence of free hemoglobin, free myoglobin, increased levels of serum uric acid, serological tests like antinuclear antibody, antistreptolysin antibody and serum complement levels. Urine analysis is a very useful investigatory tool. In tubular necro sis, granular muddy brown casts will be seen. In some cases tubular cast cells or oxalate crystals may be seen. Cola colored urine or reddish brown urine is suggestive of hemoglobin. Presence of significant proteinuria is suggestive of tubular injury. Presence of red blood cells in urine is suggestive of inflammation of glomerulus or bleeding in the collecting system. Presence of white blood cells or their casts in urine is suggestive of acute interstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis. Presence of eosinophils indicates allergic interstitial nephritis (Schrier, 2004). There are basically 3 stages of acute renal failure and they are oliguric-anuric phase, early diuretic phase and late diuretic phase. In the oliguric-anuric phase, the urine output is less than 400 ml/day. There is electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis and raised serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The phase lasts for about 14 days. In the early diuretic phase, the patient passes large volumes of urine, about m ore than 3000ml per day. This is because; the glomeruli are functioning but the tubules are not. The tests reveal electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis and even raised serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. In the late diuretic phase, the urine output is still above normal limits. The urine specific gravity is rising. Fluid and electrolyte balances and acid-base balances are within normal limits (Schrier, 2004) 3. More often than not, the only symptoms of acute

Description of 5 microbial diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Description of 5 microbial diseases - Essay Example B. bifidum produces vitamins like B6, B9 and B12 – a deficiency of these vitamins may lead to anemia. Bifidobacterium longum : Most of this bacteria is found in the colon but it also inhabits the stomach. It contributes to our organism by helping maintain equilibrium of intestinal flora, preventing intestinal tumors, and increasing the availability of food nutrients. Lactobacillus rhamnosus: This bacteria is known for its ability to survive under harsh conditions in the digestive system and urinary tract. It can help the organism fight against inflammation and infections by increasing virus and â€Å"bad† bacteria resistance. It is believed that L. rhamnosus helps the prevention of allergies and intestinal hypersensitivity. Bacillus coagulans: This gram-positive bacteria helps improve the vaginal flora, reliefs abdominal pain and bloating in people who suffer from Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and increases immune responses against viruses. Leprosy, also known as Hansens disease (HD), is a chronic intracellular bacterial infectious disease caused by a microorganism that mainly targets the skin and peripheral nerves. This disease has a sad past because people who had it were usually discriminated against and isolated from society. Today, however, it can be treated and cured. It is transmitted from one person to another. The contaminated germs can be expelled from one person through the mouth and inhaled by another individual, penetrating the nasal mucosa. The microorganism can also enter the body through open wounds in the skin. In this case, intimate and prolonged contact is necessary. That is why it is very important that family members of the individual diagnosed with leprosy be tested for the disease. The form that HD will be manifested will depend on the host immune response to the bacillus that causes the disease. Leprosy can be classified in five different forms from mild to severe: Indeterminate leprosy